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From romantic to mystical – low fog machines create stunning effects in a variety of situations. Here’s how they work and what you should know before buying!
A wide, ground-hugging layer of fog is a spectacular show effect you’ve surely seen before. It’s created using special low fog machines. These machines have numerous applications, such as:
You might think that placing a simple fog machine on the ground would achieve the desired effect. But there's a problem: the fog these machines produce isn’t heavy enough. It doesn’t stay near the floor, but instead rises – which is exactly what you don’t want in this case.
Low fog machines solve this by cooling the fog before releasing it, making it heavier than air so it stays near the ground. Common cooling methods include:
Entry-level models often work with dry ice or ice cubes. They're inexpensive and easy to use – you can freeze your own ice cubes at home and only need to buy the fog fluid. Professional low fog machines, on the other hand, often use advanced cooling technologies like liquid nitrogen.
The fog itself can be generated using different liquids, such as:
Distilled water stands out for its low cost and better environmental footprint. However, machines using water tend to be more expensive, as they require ultrasonic vaporisation. You'll need to prioritise what matters most for your use case.
Low fog machines come in many versions – from compact models for home use to powerful units for large stages. Here are some examples:
You may have noticed that larger low fog machines often come in durable, tour-ready flight cases and are equipped with one or even multiple hoses. This is particularly useful if you want to place the machine out of sight (e.g. backstage) but have the fog appear elsewhere (e.g. on stage).
There are also differences in control options for low fog machines. Common methods include:
Again, consider when, where, and how you want to use the machine to determine which control method is most suitable.
In addition to design and control options, here are other important factors to consider when choosing your low fog machine:
Warm-up time: The shorter the warm-up time, the sooner you can start fogging.
Consumption: Important both environmentally and financially – if you use the machine frequently, low consumption will save you money.
Cleaning: Annoying but necessary. Removable tanks can make cleaning much easier.
Continuous fog: Want uninterrupted fog output? Then make sure the machine supports continuous operation.
