Fog Machines

The fog machine (traditionally also referred to as a fogger) is a long-time favourite in the event industry, as fog effects have always been a crucial theatrical element used in a wide range of settings, including:

• Theatre stages
• Discos and clubs
• Concerts
• Special events, such as Halloween

To function, a fog machine requires fluid, commonly known as fog fluid. This fluid is heated inside the machine and released as fog.

Besides price, it’s important to consider some technical features when purchasing your fog machine. One of the most important is the heating power, indicated in watts. Since fog fluid is vaporised through heat, insufficient heating power may lead to poor results. Two guidelines are:

• 1000 watts is plenty for a home party space
• 1500 watts or more is ideal for outdoor events, discos, or live shows

Another key factor is the fog output volume, usually given in cubic metres per minute. It tells you how much space the machine can fill with fog. For outdoor use, you’ll want high output – otherwise the effect dissipates too quickly in the wind.

In addition to the basics, demanding users may want to look for these extra features:

• Reheating time: Machines must reheat before they’re fully ready again. Shorter times mean fewer pauses. Entry-level models often have longer wait times.
• Fog duration: How long the machine can emit fog continuously. Professional models typically outperform beginner models here.
• Tank volume: A larger tank means fewer refills during operation.
• Fluid consumption: Matters both practically and financially – frequent refills can add up.
• Emission direction: Some machines emit fog horizontally, while others (also) do so vertically – choose based on application.
• Lighting: Some machines include coloured LEDs for extra effects (see above).

Another key point is how the fog machine is controlled. Most devices offer one or two options:

• Wireless control
• Wired control / wired remote

Professionals ensure the machine has a DMX input so it can be integrated into a full lighting setup using a DMX controller.

Precise control over fog output is also important – when you hit "stop", the fog should stop immediately. Machines with magnetic valves (also known as Instant Fog Stop) are a great choice here.

If you want to produce standard fog effects, a fogger or basic fog machine will suit you perfectly. But since there are many models, you should definitely consider the performance specs mentioned above. A low-cost unit won’t help if its output isn’t strong enough for stage use.

If you're just after a simple fog machine for private parties, you don’t need to spend much. Affordable machines with decent heating power and output are available for a low price. A party fog machine should offer around 400 watts of heating power and a fog output of approx. 60 m³/min.

Professional users also look at other factors: Is the fog machine DMX-compatible? What’s the fluid consumption? How precise is the fog output control?